Harmony Within The City And Soul - 922 Words

Harmony within the city and soul Plato’s Republic proposes numerous, intriguing theories ranging from political idealism to his contemporary view of ethics. It is because of Plato’s emerging interpretations that philosophers still refer to Plato’s definitions of moral philosophy as a standard, universally. Plato’s most argued concept could be said to be the analogy between city and soul in Book IV, and I will discuss how this could possibly due to key flaws in his assumptions, as well as failure to be specific in his definitions. In spite of this, Plato’s exposition on ethics is still relevant for scholars and academics to study, due to his interpretive view of morality and justice. 1. Socrates attempts to formulate a definition for, â€Å"moderation,† to investigate how this virtue comes into play with souls. Initially, Socrates elucidates how moderation is often perceived as â€Å"mastery of certain kinds of pleasures and1 desires,† (430e) and ridicules the word, â€Å"self-control† as he exposes how, controller of the weak and strong are both the same individual, meaning that there is nothing to control other than oneself. Plato’s mockery shifts to discussion, as he examines how a â€Å"master of himself† is one whose â€Å"better part† is stronger and in control, while a â€Å"self-defeated† individual is one whose bad component overpowers (431a). Just as Thrasymachus argues in Book I, that justice is, â€Å"the advantage of the stronger,† (338b) and whether people who are actually ruling are thoseShow MoreRelatedPlatos 4 Virtues1406 Words   |  6 Pagesestablish what the four virtues are, and their rela tionship between them to both the city and the soul. According to Plato, the four virtues are wisdom, courage, moderation, and justice. There are three classes within the city: guardians, auxiliaries, and artisans; and three parts within the soul include intellect, high-spirited, and appetitive. By understanding the different classes of the city or parts of the soul, one will be able to appreciate how the virtues attribute to each one specificallyRead MorePlato s View On Morality And Justice875 Words   |  4 Pagesemerging interpretations that philosophers still refer to Plato’s definitions of moral philosophy as a standard. Plato’s possibly most argued concept could be said to be the analogy between city and soul in Book IV, partially due to his expansive analysis of justice and the role justice plays in an â€Å"ideal city,† which has some key flaws. Despite these flawed assumptions that my essay will point out, Plato’s exposition on ethics is still r elevant for scholars and academics to study, due to his interpretiveRead MoreEssay on Justice and Injustices1569 Words   |  7 Pagesexample, the book The Republic, Plato searches for justice within the individual and what makes a person ‘just’. By comparing his sense of what is just at a political level and what is just at a psychological level he suggests three virtues of the individual, which will make that particular person just. The virtues of wisdom, courage and moderation are common to both a just and the fictional just city of Kallipolis. This artificial city has the pre-determined virtue of being just – he does this inRead More Plato Essay1588 Words   |  7 Pages Socrates ideal city is described through Plato in his work The Republic, some questions pondered through the text could be; How is this an quot;idealquot; city formed, and is justice in the city relative to that of the human soul? I believe Socrates found the true meaning of justice in the larger atmosphere of the city and applied that concept to the human soul. Socrates describes his idea of an quot;ideal cityquot; as one that has all the necessary parts to function and to show that justiceRead MorePlato s The Republic And Aristotle933 Words   |  4 Pagespolitical rule. Plato believed that the purpose of political rule is to allow for the manifestation of a just city where both the city and its citizens are in harmony due to a specialization of roles according to individuals’ natures, whereas Aristotle believed that the purpose of political rule is to create a regime that pursues the common advantage and preserves the political partnership of the city. According to Plato, political rule’s purpose is to enforce a certain version of justice. Plato’s versionRead MorePlatos Theory of Justice902 Words   |  4 Pagescompares justice within the human soul to justice within a city. If Plato can find justice within the city and prove that the individual is only a smaller version of the city then he will have found the form of justice, the aspect by which we recognize justice in anything else. In Book II of Republic Plato constructs a city from scratch because he claims that it is much easier to find justice in a city, than to try and look for it in a single man (Plato 100, 368d). In this city he places a varietyRead MoreAn Definition Of Justice With The Wisest Men1168 Words   |  5 PagesWise man, no matter how many times you try, you will never be able to reach the essence of Justice. Your ignorance blinds your soul, and blinded, you content in the commodities of the world. Does this make you not wise, but a fool? Or is it better to say that Justice is unreachable and unsolvable, and for this reason, is beyond human understanding? Perhaps Glaucon is right to say that we are selfish individuals who expect to be benefited when we do good deeds or stay away from wrongdoings. Or maybeRead MoreLife On The Slow Lane : Better Or Worse?1124 Words   |  5 Pages he noticed an improvement in his sleep quality and his mood, all within a week. However, as he felt more connected to his wife and children, his co-workers noticed his change and weren’t super thrilled about it. Josh’s boss claimed to notice hi â€Å"apparent declining dedication to the company† and threatened to demote him to a position with fewer responsibilities and smaller pay. Based on Socrates’ definition of the tripartite soul, and given that a change in Josh’s lifestyle would only fulfil theRead More Pauls Case by Willa Cather - Socrates’ Perspective of the Courageous Paul1052 Words   |  5 Pagesmoderation is agreement between the classes of society (432b). For an individual, moderation is agreement between the parts of the soul. Paul has moderation due to the fact that he does kill himself. The parts of the soul were apparently in agreement. Evidence that his soul was in agreement is that he would not have killed himself if it were divided. The parts of his soul had to come to the same conclusion. For Paul that conclusion was suicide; the r easoning part decided that the only way to escapeRead MorePlato s View On Justice And Human Nature991 Words   |  4 Pagestension can also be observed within Plato’s own work, for he seemingly contradicts himself manifold within The Republic and Laws on what approach to take. This essay will analyse the possible implications of this on the question of what constitutes an ideal or best state, analyse Plato’s view on justice and human nature, and finally contrast Plato with modern thinkers’ views on the role of conflict within a state. Plato’s Ideal Theory on Conflict To Plato, the soul consists of three parts, of

A Marxist And Feminist Literary Criticism - 1243 Words

A Marxist and Feminist Literary Criticism Being a single woman with a family to support in the 1930’s was not an easy job. Especially when society had so many chips stacked against them. Tillie Olsen’s â€Å"I stand Here Ironing† is a short story that addresses feminine social disorders and inequalities as well as economic disadvantages that people of lower circumstances have to overcome to survive. In the short story it is basically an autobiography of Tillie Olsen’s life told by the narrator (Emily’s mother). Throughout the story the narrator is reflecting the way she brought up her daughter during a depression and feminist era. She feels very regretful reflecting 19 years late because of the decisions she was forced to make because of the absence of Emily’s father. This story can be seen in a feminist perspective as well as a Marxist perspective; even though they are very different from one another both perspectives help interpret Tillie Olsen’s short story. The Marxist pe rspective helps illuminate Tillie Olsen’s â€Å"I stand Here Ironing† when the narrator explains how the capital system negatively affected Emily and her Family. In a feminist perspective the narrator describes her different encounters with men that abandoned her; causing her to have to take on a male dominated role. Because of the societal characteristic she had to take on it caused her to turn away from her daughter in order to survive. Tillie Olsen the author of â€Å"I stand Here Ironing† was a feminist whoShow MoreRelatedSocialist Feminist Criticism1164 Words   |  5 PagesSocialist Feminist Criticism: You Dropped the Bomb on Me, Baby Feminism and gender studies have been described as having the ability to challenge literary and culture theory to confront the difficult task of assimilating the findings of an expanding sphere of inquiry (Contemporary Literary Criticism 567). This area of study has taken center stage during the last fifty years, not only in our society, but also in literary criticism. Although the terrain Feminism traverses can hardly be narrowedRead MoreThe O. J. Simpson Case1576 Words   |  7 PagesA historical perspective is a historical evidence based on history and social circumstances of the time. â€Å"This is in contrast to other types of criticism, such as textual and formal, in which emphasis is placed on examining the text itself while outside influences on the text are disregarded. New Historicism is a particular form of historical criticism.† (britannica.com). The OJ Simpson trial can also be seen as a historical perspective, where in racism has been going on for centuries and centuriesRead MoreEssay about The Introduction of Feminist Criticism1815 Words   |  8 PagesSuch literary women as Austin, Bront#235;s, Eliot and Dickenson appeared that time. In the early 20th century, women finally gained the suffrage which marked the climax of the womens liberation movement. In the 1960s, New Feminism concerned with the human rights for black people again came to its climax. This time, it was more pervasive and comprehensive in all fields of society, according feminist literary criticism found its way to critical theories. 2. Feminist Criticism Feminist criticismRead MoreTwo Different Approaches To Literary Criticism Are Marxist1546 Words   |  7 PagesTwo different approaches to literary criticism are Marxist criticism and feminist criticism. The Marxist approach looks at the hierarchy of the classes. â€Å"One form of historical criticism is Marxist criticism, name for Karl Marx (1818-1883). Actually, to say â€Å"one form† is misleading, since Marxist criticism today is varied, but essentially it sees history primarily as a struggle between socioeconomic classes, and it sees literature (and everything else) as the product of economic forces of theRead MoreThe And Human Nature s Love For Categorization1011 Words   |  5 Pagesaspects of our criticism, effectively categorizing them. For example, there are four main critical lenses: Marxist, Feminist, Psychoanalytical, and Archetypal. Each of the four has a unique set of aspects it analyzes, but all have one thing in common, they help find the underlying them es and/or motivations behind the text, whether they were intentional or not. One classic example of one of these underlying themes is Shakespeare’s Hamlet. Hamlet can be seen through a Feminist Literary Lens, revealingRead MoreMarxist Criticism And Feminist Criticism1724 Words   |  7 Pagesbecause a book says so? This question of whether or not literature can make a difference can be look at from two different perspectives. Those two perspectives are the Marxist criticism and the feminist criticism. The Marxist criticism, which was derived in the nineteenth century, argues that one cannot properly understand a literary work unless one understands how it reflects the relationship between economic production and social class; because of that, they feel that their duty is to not only describeRead MoreWomen in Sons and Lovers1597 Words   |  7 Pageswife-submissive through the character of Gertrude Morel who is also known as Mrs. Morel. This paper would attempt to explore the character of Mrs. Morel through the feminist point of view. Before discussing Mrs. Morel’s character through the magnifying glass of feminism, it is needed to focus what does feminism means and what does the feminist criticism deal with. The most straightforward definition of feminism says that is a movement for social, cultural, political and economic equality of men and womenRead MoreAnalysis Of Franz Kafka s The Metamorphosis, And Henrik Ibsen s A Doll s House1965 Words   |  8 PagesSeveral of these standards are placed on the domestic household, including on the wife and husband of a family. Three viewpoints of literary criticism-Marxist, Feminist, and Freudian-argue different outlooks regarding the main characters and their deviance from the standards of society in Franz Kafka’s â€Å"The Metamorphosis† and Henrik Ibsen’s â€Å"A Doll’s House.† The Marxist viewpoint discusses a person’s objectivity in society and how it is affected by outside forces such as money, labor, and power. InRead MoreWomen During World Civilization, Men And Women921 Words   |  4 Pagescontinuation of that, today, we have what we call feminist theory. I will be using the feminist theory with a comparison to Marxist theory to analyze Amelia Lanyer’s â€Å"Eve’s Apology† which is one of the earliest feminist poem that explores and defends women from the accusation of women being at fault for the original sin. This poem also explores the role of women during the 15th century and Lanyer portrays it from a feminist perspective. The feminist era is one of the most powerful but also an era thatRead MoreLiterary Criticism Of William Shakespeare s The Merchant Of Venice 850 Words   |  4 PagesBiographical criticism New critics warns that the writer’s intent and the readers present mindsets doesn’t affect the meaning of the play, as it offers an experience like no other because it doesn’t offer a mimic of real life situation (Janik 165). By disallowing external influences, text must analyze all other disciplines associated with the play in question. Some have also criticized Shakespeare as being a master of only one single genre of drama as in relation to other plays. Feminist criticism Feminist

The Movie “Cast Away.” Free Essays

The movie â€Å"Cast Away† was one of 2000’s best movies. IT was about a â€Å"FedEx† worker, whose plane he was on board to deliver international packages had crashed over the ocean. All passengers on that plane had died in the crash, leaving him alone on an island to survive. We will write a custom essay sample on The Movie â€Å"Cast Away.† or any similar topic only for you Order Now He was forced to live on that island for four years with only a flashlight, a picture of his fiancee and some random packages that should been delivered and could have not been any more unusable. The movie showed how he was so professional at his job that even though he was left all alone on that island, it took him quiet some time to open the packages he was not supposed to open. He had to check what the content of those packages were and whether there was anything he could make use of. Between all the packages he had to violate by opening, was a volley ball which a grandmother had wanted it to be delivered to her grandson. I was so touched when I saw how he had cut the ball from the top and stuck in some dead leaves, just to make it look like human-like so he would keep his mental status balanced. Of course, he had never stopped thinking about his fiancee while he was on that island. He had drawn a portrait of her with a chock to keep him accompanied in the cave he had resided in. 4 years after he went back home, when he was found by a near by people on a boat, he had found his fiancee married to his doctor friend. Soon after, his ex-fiancee couldn’t help it but have mixed feelings as to whether keep things the way they are with her husband, or to get into an affair with him since they had been in love for so long before his disappearance. The movie was so thought of, and triggered many emotions for the viewers. The fact that the main character had to do many long scenes just by himself required a high level of talent. The story of the movie as well as the plot were new and conveyed many emotions, that for me, would put the movie on my top 10 best movies of all time. How to cite The Movie â€Å"Cast Away.†, Papers

Menschenschreck Analysis Essay Example For Students

Menschenschreck Analysis Essay If the international financiers in and outside Europe should succeed inplunging the nations once more into a world war, then the result will not bethe Bolshevizing of the earth, and thus the victory of Jewry, but theannihilation of the Jewish race in Europe. Adolf Hitler- Jan 30, 1939When the Nazi party came to power in January of 1933, it almostimmediately began to take hostile measures toward the Jewish people. Thegovernment passed special legislation that excluded Jews from the protectionof German law. The property of Jews was then legally seized, andconcentration camps were set up in which Jews were executed, tortured, orcondemned to slave labor. The Nazis organized sporadic and local massacreswhich occurred in a nationwide program in 1938. After the outbreak of WorldWar II anti-Semitic activity increased dramatically. By the end of the war,millions of Jews and others targeted by the Nazis, had been killed in theHolocaust. The Jewish dead numbered more than 5 million: about 3 mil lion inkilling centers and other camps, 1.4 million in shooting operations, and morethan 600,000 in Polish ghettos. Who were the men that carried out theseterrible murders? One would think them to be savage killers speciallyselected for their history of brutality and violence. But, in fact, thesemen were typically normal middle-aged business men. How could theseordinary men be influenced in such a way to allow them to commit suchatrocities? The governmental policies, pressures of comrades and individualbehaviors helped to transform these men into the mass murderers of EuropeanJews that they soon became. The government and the military were very important to the transformation ofthese men. The men of the battalions were often told how the German race wasthe greatest on earth. Their commanding officers continually reminded themthat as Germans they had to be strong and ruthless. They were told toproject an image of superiority and not to show any mercy on the inferiorJewish race. Anti-Semitism was practiced throughout the government andmilitary. One policy the government continually reinforced was that that theJews were not even humans. The Jews were often referred to as wild animalsand given no respect.Some commanders of the Order Police encouragedshooting blindly into the ghettos to try to shoot down Jews for sport. Company recreation rooms were commonly decorated with racist slogans andvictory celebrations were often held when large numbers of Jews were killed. The military units held weekly class in which they taught ideologicalpropaganda that would use literature such as pamphlets entitled SS Man andThe Question of Blood and The Politics of Race. These classes furtheredthe idea that the Jews were nothing but a troublesome inferior race. Theywere taught how to kill their victims so that they would die quickly andsuffer little. The government also issued such laws as the Barbarossa decreewhich gave the order police a varitable shooting license against theRussians. The Order police were told that they were in a war against the Jewsand the Bolsheviks and they should proceed ruthlessly against the Jews. The Order police should be proud to be participating in the defeat of theworld enemy, Bolshevism. The soldiers were continually reminded of how thewomen and children in Germany were being bombed and how the Jews instigatedthe American boycott which was destroying Germanys economy. If the soldierswere searching career advancement in the Police force. If this was the case,orders are orders, and the soldier would comply with the orders of theirsuperiors. Through these ideas presented by the institutions of governmentand military the Order Police became a strong killing machine. .ua6f37b1265b014bc60d4b7047d6bfc06 , .ua6f37b1265b014bc60d4b7047d6bfc06 .postImageUrl , .ua6f37b1265b014bc60d4b7047d6bfc06 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua6f37b1265b014bc60d4b7047d6bfc06 , .ua6f37b1265b014bc60d4b7047d6bfc06:hover , .ua6f37b1265b014bc60d4b7047d6bfc06:visited , .ua6f37b1265b014bc60d4b7047d6bfc06:active { border:0!important; } .ua6f37b1265b014bc60d4b7047d6bfc06 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua6f37b1265b014bc60d4b7047d6bfc06 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua6f37b1265b014bc60d4b7047d6bfc06:active , .ua6f37b1265b014bc60d4b7047d6bfc06:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua6f37b1265b014bc60d4b7047d6bfc06 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua6f37b1265b014bc60d4b7047d6bfc06 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua6f37b1265b014bc60d4b7047d6bfc06 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua6f37b1265b014bc60d4b7047d6bfc06 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua6f37b1265b014bc60d4b7047d6bfc06:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua6f37b1265b014bc60d4b7047d6bfc06 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua6f37b1265b014bc60d4b7047d6bfc06 .ua6f37b1265b014bc60d4b7047d6bfc06-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua6f37b1265b014bc60d4b7047d6bfc06:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Common Themes In Short Stories EssayThe comrades of an individual soldier had a profound influence on thetransformation from normal citizen to murderer. Although this influence mayhave been unintentional it was still a major factor. Peer pressures abitch. The pressure to conform to the job at hand was great in these smalltightly knit battalions. By not shooting, an individual would not be doinghis part in an already unpleasant task. Stepping out would make the rest ofthe battalion believe that the soldier thought himself to be too good forsuch tasks. The mission had to be accomplished with or without him. Policemen who did not shoot were often isolated, rejected and ostracized bytheir comrades. The policemen had nowhere else to turn for mental supportand societal contact besides his comrades. He would not want to jeopardizethis over the simple matter of killing mere wild animals. Another way themen in the battalions were able to kill the Jews was that they were suppliedwith rations of alcohol. They were drunk for many of the killings.One ofthe soldiers was quoted as saying Most of the other comrades drank so muchsolely because of the many shootings of the Jews, for such a life was quiteintolerable sober. The individuals personal justifications helped to change the behavior of thesoldiers. Many of the soldiers tried to prove to themselves that what theywere doing was right. They justified their actions with such comments asThey are destroying Germany. It soon became policy for the policemen tokill the Jews. It was a daily ritual for the Police to slaughter thousandsof Jews everyday. They genuinely thought that they were helping the world byrelieving it of the waste of society, the Jews. By the end of the war the soldiers of the Order Police had become masskillers of the European Jews. The Order Police had effectively dehumanizedthe Jews and for many of the soldiers murder was daily practice. In fact,some of the soldiers came to enjoy it. They would try and come up with anyexcuse to beat or shoot a Jew. Some of the soldiers would set their watchesahead so as to beat Jews out after the curfew. They would also rip the Starof David off the Jews clothing and then beat the Jew for not weari ng it. Thekilling of jews became so routine that it was oftenly refered to as OurDaily Bread by some of the more eager killers. The Government and military, comrades and personal justifications placedupon the Order Police of World War Two turned them into the largest massmurders of all time. In total approximatly six million jews were masacuredby these so-called ordinary men.

Is Marijuana Dangerous To Your Physical Health Essays -

Is Marijuana Dangerous to your Physical Health? Recreational use of marijuana has been going on for many years, and like cigarettes many people refuse to listen to health reports. More and more reports are coming out on the effects of marijuana on the body. Just how harmful marijuana can be is questionable. Some health reports state that it is very detrimental to the body while others are explaining how chemicals extracted from the marijuana plant are being used as medication. The problem is, just what are the effects, and how bad is it for someone who uses this drug? I have picked this topic because I am very interested in the effects of marijuana on the body. It is commonly known that marijuana is a widely used drug. Many movies depict people having a great time, smoking marijuana, and laughing as hard as they can. But is this really what is behind the drug? Without looking at health reports, one may think so. If so many people use it, how can it be bad for you? After seeing so much positive feedback about marijuana, it would really be nice to see just what is behind this mysterious plant. In this paper, the researcher will explore whether or not marijuana is harmful to your physical health. It will be shown that marijuana is popular and that many people may not know what they are taking into their bodies. It will be shown just what parts of the body marijuana effects and how it effects them. The main purpose of this collection of information is to see just what marijuana does to the body and to determine whether the effects are good, bad, or a combination of both. Many different areas of research will be used. The report "Marijuana Retains Popularity Despite Anti-drug Attitudes" in The Dallas Times Herald by the Associated Press shows just how popular marijuana remains despite health warnings. A 40-something woman referred to as Ruth has a little something to say. "It's a very nice high," she said. "Often in these drug stories, people forget to mention that part" (The Associated Press, A-6). Ruth is among the 17 million Americans who use marijuana regularly. Part of the reason for marijuana's popularity is its cheap price. John, a scientist who uses the drug says an ounce can cost him from $40 to $100 (The Associated Press, A-6). Another reason for its popularity that is that "the cops basically ignored it" a few years ago, said Bill FitzGerald, of the County Attorney's Office (The Associated Press, A-6). Today, the county boasts a "Do Drugs, Do Time" program targeting all drug users (The Associated Press, A-6). "Marijuana: Is there a new reason to worry?", an article in the March 88 issue of American Health by Winifred Gallagher had a lot to say about just what parts of the body marijuana effects. The majority of the effects of marijuana are caused by a chemical called THC (delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol). Marijuana, when smoked, enters the body though the lungs and is passed to the blood stream. According to Doctor Billy martin, a professor of pharmacology at the Medical College of Virginia, THC seems to turn on a number of biological systems (Gallagher, 92). Harvard's Dr. Norman Zinberg studied a group of marijuana smoker and concluded that "essentially, marijuana doesn't cause psychological problems for the occasional user" (Gallagher, 92). Heavy use however, is thought to create a lack of motivation, or commonly called "burn-out". New York Hospital's Millman prefers the term "aberrant motivation" to describe the inert attitude of some heavy smokers" (Gallagher, 92). "The Health Hazards of Marijuana," a report in the September 1990 issue of World & I by Gabriel G. Nahas was very informative on the damage caused by marijuana. Marijuana effects memory and behavior. "Marijuana really interferes with short-term memory," says Dr. Richard Schwartz or Georgetown University, and memory loss is one of the main problems with kids who smoke pot" (Nahas, 287). Marijuana also effects the immune system. Guy Cabral of the Medical College of Virginia reported that THC impairs the competence of calls to destroy virus infected cells and tumor cells (Nahas, 293). Marijuana also has devastating effects on human mental development, and cause metal disorders. An article in Newsday on August 14, 1990 by Jamie Talan called "Marijuana as Medicine" had something completely different to say. New findings "give the study of cannabinoids (the family of chemicals in Marijuana) a new respectability", said Donald Moss, professor of psychology at the University of Texas (Talan, D1). Miles Herkenham, chief of functional

Significance of Words Dying and Death in To Build Essays

Significance of Words Dying and Death in To Build Essays Significance of Words Dying and Death in To Build a Fire Dying and Death in To Build a Fire Modern Lit. Paper Significance of Words Dying and Death in "To Build a Fire" Dying and Death in "To Build a Fire" The significance of the words "dying and death" in Jack London's 1910 novel, "To Build a Fire" continuously expresses the man's dwindling warmth and bad luck in his journey along the Yukon trail to meet "the boys" at camp. London associates dying with the man's diminishing ability to stay warm in the frigid Alaskan climate. The main characters predicament slowly worsens one level at a time finally resulting in death. The narrator informs the reader "the man" lacks personal experience travelling in the Yukon terrain. The old-timer warned the man about the harsh realities of the Klondike. The confident main character thinks of the old-timer at Sulphur Creek as "womanish." Along the trail, "the man" falls into a hidden spring and attempts to build a fire to dry his socks and warm himself. With his wet feet quickly growing numb, he realizes he has only one chance to successfully build a fire or face the harsh realities of the Yukon at one-hundred nine degrees below freezing. Falling snow from a tree blots out the fire and the character realizes "he had just heard his own sentence of death." Jack London introduces death to the reader in this scene. The man realizes "a second fire must be built without fail." The man's mind begins to run wild with thoughts of insecurity and death when the second fire fails. He recollects the story of a man who kills a steer to stay warm and envisions himself killing his dog and crawling into the carcass to warm up so he can build a fire to save himself. London writes, "a certain fear of death, dull and oppressive, came to him." As the man slowly freezes, he realizes he is in serious trouble and can no longer make excuses for himself. Acknowledging he "would never get to the camp and would soon be stiff and dead," he tries to clear this morbid thought from his mind by running down the trail in a last ditch effort to pump blood through his extremities. The climax of the story describes "the man" picturing "his body completely frozen on the trail." He falls into the snow thinking, "he is bound to freeze anyway and freezing was not as bad as people thought. There were a lot worse ways to die." The man drowsed off into "the most comfortable and satisfying sleep he had ever known." The dog looked on creeping closer, filling his nostrils with the "scent of death." London's portrayal of the man does not initially give the reader the theme of dying, but slowly develops the theme as the story develops. The story doesn't mention death until the last several pages. The main character changes from an enthusiastic pioneer to a sad and desperate man. The conclusion of the story portrays the man accepting his fate and understands the old-timer at Sulphur Creek had been right; "no man must travel alone in the Klondike after fifty below." Typically, short stories written in the early 1900's often conclude the story with a death or tragedy. London's story is no exception. This story follows the pattern by illustrating events leading up to and including death. Thesis Statement- The significance of the words "dying and death" in Jack London's 1910 novel, "To Build a Fire" continuously expresses the man's dwindling warmth and bad luck in his journey along the Yukon trail to meet "the boys" at camp.

Please go on YouTube & watch a 10 minute speech & write a paragraph or Assignment

Please go on YouTube & watch a 10 minute speech & write a paragraph or two analyzing the speech - Assignment Example Instead of just referring to one American, President began a sentence with the word â€Å"we† 12 times. The purpose of this was to stress how important this was for the American people as a whole. After detailed why this mission was so important, President Obama gave a brief outline about how these events transpired. This was done to reassure the American people that this mission was carried out with transparency and with the full knowledge of the president. Another thing that President Obama does is acknowledge the contribution of his Pakistan counterpart. In the conclusion of his speech, President Obama focuses upon the virtues of justice and achievement. Finally, President Obama touches upon spirituality by referring to God three times in his last few sentences. This is intertwined with talk of American and is thus reconfirming that America is on the right

Global marketing ethic and culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Global marketing ethic and culture - Essay Example Despite this, there are controversies about this proposed takeover as the employees of the Cadbury have lined up in London to protest against this takeover owing to the job losses that they may incur. Similarly, Kraft’s shareholders specially its largest shareholder Warren Buffet is worried about the mounting debt that the firm has taken in order to materialize this deal. Thus the issue is not just limited to the takeover of one international firm by another but it also carries with it the different ethical consequences. Apart from this there will also be issues regarding the culture as well as global marketing theory which need to be understood and analyzed in order to properly evaluate this proposed merger. This paper will therefore attempt to provide an objective analysis of the takeover by providing detailed analysis of the markets where both the firms are operating currently, relative advantages of the takeover to both the firms as well as implications for the stakeholders of the firm besides dwelling upon some of the ethical issues. Organizations enter into mergers and acquisitions for variety of reasons however, strategic reasons for takeovers are considered as most critical. Gaining entry into new markets, achieving synergy as well as diversification are some of the most important reasons that may be behind the takeovers of the firms.(Kummer,2008). Thus takeovers can either be strategic in nature or they can be financial in nature too. Financial takeovers are often done in order to gain quick gains due to market in-corrections and as such organizations engage themselves into such takeovers in order to gain monetary benefits rather than gaining strategic advantage over their competitors. It is also critical to note that the cross border takeovers and acquisitions are often made in order to overcome the entry barriers that may restrict the firms to gain an entry into a new market on its

Introduction to Business Accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Introduction to Business Accounting - Essay Example While the ‘as at’ financial position is presented in the Balance Sheet (Statement of Financial Position), a detailed presentation in terms of Revenue generated against the expenditures incurred in that accounting period is depicted by the Income Statement (Statement of Comprehensive Income) (Vickerstaff & Johal, 2012).The Statement of Financial Position: Also commonly known as the Balance Sheet, the Statement of Financial Position reflects as to what is owned by the entity as ‘Assets’ or ‘Resource’ as opposed to what it owes to third parties as ‘Liabilities’ or ‘Payables’ at that point in time. It also represents Shareholders’ equity, which is sometimes referred to as Capital, which represents the resources that would remain if a company disposes all of its assets and settles all of its liabilities (Wood & Sangster, 2005). Some liabilities are to be settled within the near future (next 12 months) hence, are classified as ‘Current Liabilities’ while others with longer period of settlement are known as Non-current or ‘Long term Debts’. ... It also represents Shareholders’ equity, which is sometimes referred to as Capital, which represents the resources that would remain if a company disposes all of its assets and settles all of its liabilities (Wood & Sangster, 2005). Some liabilities are to be settled within the near future (next 12 months) hence, are classified as ‘Current Liabilities’ while others with longer period of settlement are known as Non-current or ‘Long term Debts’. Similarly, some Assets have a life shorter than of 12 months and are likely to be fully utilized in the company’s operations during this time so are classified as ‘Current Assets’; whilst ‘Non-Current’ or ‘Fixed Assets’ are those that have longer lives and are thus utilized partly in one particular tenure. This utilization is charged as a periodic ‘Expense’ known as ‘Depreciation’ which later adds as a component to the Income Statement (Ferr aino, 2011). The Income Statement: Also known as the Statement of Comprehensive Income, the Income Statement in broader terms is a portrayal of how much a company has earned against how much costs it has incurred in order to generate those earnings, eventually formulating the company’s profitability for that particular accounting period. While direct operational costs are incorporated as Cost of Sales, other incurred expenses such as Depreciation, Interest, Administration, Taxation, Distribution or Marketing are charged in individual ‘heads’, finally leading to the net Profit For the Year. (Wood & Sangster, 2008) Any other unusual or non-operational income can be classified separately under ‘Other Comprehensive Income’, for example income from a Litigation or Gain (or Loss) on disposal of

International Business Research Question and Answer

International Business Research Question and Answer Question 3 You are the CEO of a company that has to choose between making a $100 million investment in Russia or Poland. Both investments promise the same long-run return so your choice is driven by risk considerations. Assess the various risks of doing business in each of these nations. Which investment would you favour and why? Answer INTRODUCTION International Business International Business is evolved from international trade and international marketing. International business is a crucial venture due to the influence of varied social, cultural, political, economic, natural factor and government policies and laws. According to Michael H. Moffett, â€Å"International business is the process of focusing on the resources of the globe and objectives of the organizations on global opportunities and threats in order to produce, buy, sell or exchange of goods and services world-wide. Factors Lead to International Business Establishment of WTO Globalization of Economies Rapid technological Advancement Enlargement of European Union Increase in competition Higher growth rate of GDP in developing Countries Increase in business alliances in degree and variety Emergence of supportive institution RUSSIA Russia is the worlds largest country in terms of territory. Its consumer market consists of over 140 million people. It has vast resources, a highly educated workforce, and technologically advanced research and production capabilities. Still, Russias economic potential remains largely untapped. Many investors shy of Russia amid growing concerns that the political system in the country is breeding dissent among the population. As such, the economy has been in a state of flux in recent months and its close proximity to Europe amid the financial crisis remains a pivotal danger. However, none of these things change what Russia has to offer. Its technological capabilities matched with its natural resources give the countrys economy great potential. Political turmoil will only drive prices down, making it a better time to invest in this country. Investment Climate and Opportunities Overview 1. Dynamic Economic Growth 2. One of the Largest Consumer Markets 3. World-Renowned Human Capital 4. Vast Natural Resources 5. Unique Geographic Position 6. Technologically Advanced Economy 7. Attractive Taxation System 8. Extensive Government Support 9. Stable Social and Political System RUSSIA’S ECONOMIC OVERVIEW Russia has undergone significant changes since the collapse of the Soviet Union, moving from a globally-isolated, centrally-planned economy towards a more market-based and globally-integrated economy, but stalling as a partially reformed, statist economy with a high concentration of wealth in officials hands. RUSSIA: RISK ASSESSMENT 1. SLOW DOWN IN GROWTH: Growth has slowed down in Q2. This trend should beconfirmed over the whole of 2012, with the Russian economyhowever holding up in a very depressed internationaleconomic context. Oil production reached a record level inthe middle of the year. On the other hand, industrial productionhas suffered from a fall in demand from the mainpartners of Russia (European Union and China). Investmenthas been curbed by a rise in production costs reducingcompany profits. Private consumption, the main driver ofthe Russian economy, was buoyed in HY1 by the rise inwages and social spending, growth in banking credit aswell as the good state of the employment market. However,the rise in inflation is now affecting the increase in realwages and therefore domestic demand. Inflationary pressurehas increased since June, under the effect of the risein the price of food (increased by the effects of the summerdrought) and public services (energy). The Central Bankraised its refinancing rat e in mid-September (from 8% to8.25%) to try to contain the rise in prices within the limit ofits 6% target. 2. BUDGET CURRENT BALANCES DEPENDENT ON OIL PRICES: The 2012 budget was amended in June to take accountof an expected rise in oil prices (from $100 to $115 a barrel),which increases fiscal revenue and allows expenditureto be maintained. Oil revenue accounts for half of Staterevenue and the price of oil ensuring equilibrium in publicfinances has doubled since 2008. Taking into account therecent change in the price of a barrel, revenue should bebelow that expected while expenditure will not be reviseddownwards. Consequently, the balance should be slightlyin deficit at the end of the year. However, Russian publicfinances remain solid with public debt below 10% of GDP,leaving the government some room for manoeuvre, at leastin the short term. 3. COMPLEX JUDICIAL SYSTEM: Property rights are widely perceived to be contingent on political connections, and intimidation of businesses by the FSB and police for political and financial ends is frequent. Red tape stifles innovation, and lack of transparency makes adequate partner due diligence elusive. The judicial system is also problematic: legislation implementation is broadly unpredictable and the independence and integrity of Russian courts is deeply flawed. 4. CORRUPTION AND LACK OF GOVERNANCE: Corruption and weak corporate transparency is another major ongoing risk for investors. Many analysts admit say that this is a big problem particularly among some of the smaller companies, whose accounts are not particularly transparent. Even well-known and respected companies like IKEA which heavily focus on practicing ethical businesses activities declared a moratorium on subsequent Russian investments due to the ongoing concerns of corruption. Based on the Corruption Perception Index, Russia has a lot of obstacles to fair and efficient business practices. Even Iran, Libya and Pakistan are perceived as having less corruption. 5. POLICIES: Russia’s economic and fiscal policy is not investor-friendly. The tax code is overly complex. Russia also has a distinct penchant for protectionism: despite its WTO accession, it continues to unpredictably implement levies, tariffs and bans on hundreds of imports. Tight relations between business and politics are highly detrimental to the business environment. POLAND Polands economy is much smaller than that of Russia. However, with a strong consumer market of 38 million, it is still one of the biggest markets in Europe. The country benefits greatly from its geographical location, which makes it possible to export goods to all European countries and thus reach over 500 million consumers. Similar to Russia, Poland has a highly educated workforce. Therefore, Poland also falls victim to its proximity to Europe and the ongoing crisis. For these reasons many investors are also shying away from this nation. In these trying times though, Europe still remains a solid economy, and though it has faltered, it has managed to remain intact. As investors flee Europe amid growing concerns over the failure to revive the economy and provide successful solutions, Poland offers a great bargain. Polands economic performance could improve if the country addresses some of the remaining deficiencies in its road and rail infrastructure, business environment, rigid labour code, commercial court system, government red tape, and burdensome tax system. ECONOMIC OVERVIEW OF POLAND Poland has the largest economy in Eastern Europe, and one of the highest levels of foreign investment at $13.9 billion as of 2006. Polands economy has been growing quickly, at about 6%, for the past 5 years, and was growing at an even faster pace before this. Despite its GDP growth, Poland faces numerous economic issues; it has chronic high unemployment, low wages despite significant increase of productivity, massive flight of educated population abroad, and low level of innovativeness and highest percentage of people working for national minimum wage among countries of European Union Poland: Risk Assessment 1. DECELEARTING GROWTH IN 2012: Economic activity remained sustained in 2011, despite a slowdown in growth during the last quarter. Growth has continued to decelerate in 2012. Household spending, which represents 60% of GDP, effectively remains low due to a decline in consumer confidence, in conjunction with an annual inflation rate of 3.8% in August 2012, a public sector wage freeze and deterioration in the employment market (13.3% unemployment). The Polish trade deficit shrank in 2012 following a contraction in domestic demand in Q2 VS. Q1 (-3.1%) and slowing exports (+0.8%). Although exports were impacted by a slowdown in Western Europe, exports towards Russia and Ukraine progressed by more than 20%. The heavy deficit in the income balance wiped out most of the positive effect from the trade improvement. The impact of external trade on GDP was nonetheless limited on account of the low level of trade openness compared to other Central European countries. An expected reduction in i nflation should enable the Polish central bank to modify monetary policy. The governor has committed to cutting rates in the event of an economic slowdown. Despite the decline foreign investment flows will cover the current account deficit. At the end of July 2012 net investment flows covered the deficit, i.e. EUR 8 billion. The private construction sector was weighed down by a fall in household demand. The construction production index published monthly by Euro stat fell 8% over the first 7 months of 2012 compared to 2011. Furthermore, the construction sector was boosted, during several months, by the organisation of the European football championships in June 2012 (stadiums, hotels, road networks †¦) with support from public investment. Corporate credit remained dynamic during Q1, particularly in zloty terms, but investment will decelerate sharply over coming months. 2. STRUCTURE AND HIERARCHY IN POLISH COMPANIES: Organisations in Poland have a strong respect for hierarchy and authority, with structure and delegation coming from above. This hierarchical style is reflected in manyPolish businessformalities and settings, including the decision-making process and the use of professional titles. Seniority in Polish organisations is acknowledged and respected and the corporate hierarchy is often formed on the basis of age and educational background. For this reason, when negotiating, it is advisable to send delegates of a similar status to those of Polish colleagues, both in age and professional qualifications. Rules and regulations are an important part of the Polish business environment so Polish counterparts may expect theirbusiness partners to know and appreciate established etiquette and business protocol. 3. RELATIONSHIPS: Doing business in Poland requires an understanding of the importance of relationships in polish businessculture. Building individual relationships is essential to the success of business objectives, especially in the long term. Polish people take time to establish relationships with business partners and to build trust. Poland has a family-focused society, and poles value building and maintaining close personal relationships. This may be considered as a challenge for many foreigners doing business in poland who are not used to sharing personal information with their business partners. For poles this is one of the stages of the trust-building process. 4. COMPLEX BUREAUCRACY: Although Poland’s per capita GDP is increasing relative to the rest of the EU, it amounts to less than 70% of the EU average. Nonetheless, strong domestic consumption is one of the engines of growth in Poland. Poland has made great strides toward improving the commercial climate, but investors point to an inefficient commercial court system, a rigid labour code, bureaucratic red tape, and a burdensome tax system as challenges for foreign companies. 5. IMPROVEMENTS IN INFRASTRUCTURE: Although many infrastructure improvements have been completed or are underway, Poland still has much work to do in order to modernize its road and railway network. Weaknesses in transportation infrastructure increases the cost of doing business for U.S. businesses by limiting ready access to all of the markets within Poland and diminishes the country’s current attractiveness as a regional distribution hub. Internet access and connection strength is good in the cities, but still very limited in less populated regions. 6. IMPROVING PUBLIC FINANCES: The Public finances development and consolidation plan implemented by the government in order to respect Maastricht criteria from 2013 onwards will be pursued. The public deficit, which reached almost 8% of GDP in 2010, is expected to fall below 4% in 2012, through higher taxes on oil products and an increase in social contributions. As a result, public debt should stabilise at around 55% of GDP. However, as a large proportion of the debt is held by non residents, it is vulnerable to risk aversion among investors. Furthermore, the European recession has weighed on foreign direct investment flows in 2012 which has meant that the only stable capital flows financing the current account deficit have come from European structural funds. The Polish banking system seems relatively robust, with capitalisation ratios in excess of Basel III minimum requirements. However, subsidiaries of foreign banks, which are mostly implanted in the euro zone, represent two-thi rds of the banking sector, which is therefore dependant on foreign capital. Banks remain highly exposed to currency risk, as household loans denominated in foreign currency account for 14% of GDP. Furthermore, the zloty depreciated by 8% of its value against the euro between January and September 2012. 7. A COMPARATIVELY STABLE POLITICAL CONTEXT: -The 2010 presidential election resulted in Bronislaw Komorowski leading a coalition between his centre-right party (PO), which had been in power since October 2007, and the Polish people’s party (PSA). The general elections held on 9 October 2011 confirmed the coalition’s position. The Prime Minister, Donald Tusk has made budget deficit reduction a priority. However, the latest opinion polls highlight growing popular discontent with current fiscal austerity. Furthermore, the adoption of the euro has been postponed due to the single currency’s current lack of appeal according to the Prime Minister. CONCLUSION Both countries have positives and negatives aspect of investment. But after assessing risks Quotient in these two countries one can conclude that it is difficult to set up new facility in Russia. Because there are more factors affecting risk perception in Russia as compared to risk perception in Poland. Poland is better option than Russia REASONS FOR THIS The only EU country to have avoided recession in 2009 FDI appeal is reinforced by the size of the domesticmarket Diversified economy The highest absorption rate of European structuralfunds in emerging Europe

Cloning Essay -- essays research papers fc

With the technological knowledge in the world growing from day to day, there is no way to predict where science may lead us in the future. Just a few years ago, cloning was something of a fictional nature that most scientists had thought about, but never seriously considered it as an experiment. Recently, animals have been cloned, and cloning has become no less than true reality. In a few more years, the knowledge on how to clone humans could be present. Before that advancement arrives, we need to ask ourselves if this knowledge of cloning is a beneficial idea or a destructive one. Cloning will have negative effects on our society in the future because: cloning devalues uniqueness of the individual cloned, clones could be used in crimes or used as weapons, cloned animals that are reintroduced into the ecosystem could cause the ecosystem to change drastically, people who try to clone their dead loved ones will be shocked to find that the clone may resemble the person that they love, but it really isn't the person that they love, finally, animals that are cloned for medical reasons don't deserve to be brought into this world just to be used only for their organs and other body parts. If something isn't done to avoid cloning humans before it is too late, then cloning could upset the balance of our society drastically, possibly causing irreversible mishap in the world as we know it today. The knowledge on how to clone humans doesn't exist yet, but the knowledge on how to clone animals is presently being utilized in research labs worldwide. Standard cloning involves taking DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) from a cell of a particular species and transferring it into an egg cell from another animal belonging to the same species or another one. Before this process can take place, the nucleus from the original cell must be removed from that egg. The result is then implanted into the surrogate mother. This mother will then provide the food and nutrients for the embryo to develop until the mother gives birth to the clone. Until recently, the surrogate mother had to be of the same species, but now, with recent technological advances, one species can now give birth to a different species ("Science and Technology" 100). The laundry list of complaints about cloning begins with the fact that cloning humans decreases the value of uniqueness of the individual. Accordi... ...ls." CeresNet 2000.5 Nov. 2000 http://www.ceresnet.org/ViewEntry.cfm?ID=82&Section=outreach Colvin, Jonathon. "Me, my clone, and I (or in defense of human cloning)." The Humanist May/Jun. 2000: 39. Dixon, Dr. Patrick. Don't Clone – 3 Reasons. 31 Oct. 2000 http://www.globalchange.com/noclones.htm Lemonick, Michael D. "Could a clone ever run for President?" Time 8 Nov. 1999: 96. Mayor, Susan. "UK authorities recommend human cloning for therapeutic research." British Medical Journal 98: 1613. Myers, Nichole. Personal Interview. 1 April. 2001. Pavone, Fr. Frank. "What does it mean to be Me?" 31 Oct. 2000 http://www.priestsforlife.org/pressreleases/clonepress.html Rembert, Tracey C. "Me and my shadow." E Jul/Aug. 1997: 15–21. Schaeffer, Pamela. "Many oppose human cloning." National Catholic Reporter 22 Oct. 1999: 19,21. "Science and technology: New kid on the block." The Economist 14 Oct. 2000: 100. "Vatican: No to human cloning." National Catholic Reporter 22 Oct. 1999: 21. Watson, Rory. "European parliament wants world ban on human cloning." British Medical Journal 97: 847 Cloning Essay -- essays research papers fc With the technological knowledge in the world growing from day to day, there is no way to predict where science may lead us in the future. Just a few years ago, cloning was something of a fictional nature that most scientists had thought about, but never seriously considered it as an experiment. Recently, animals have been cloned, and cloning has become no less than true reality. In a few more years, the knowledge on how to clone humans could be present. Before that advancement arrives, we need to ask ourselves if this knowledge of cloning is a beneficial idea or a destructive one. Cloning will have negative effects on our society in the future because: cloning devalues uniqueness of the individual cloned, clones could be used in crimes or used as weapons, cloned animals that are reintroduced into the ecosystem could cause the ecosystem to change drastically, people who try to clone their dead loved ones will be shocked to find that the clone may resemble the person that they love, but it really isn't the person that they love, finally, animals that are cloned for medical reasons don't deserve to be brought into this world just to be used only for their organs and other body parts. If something isn't done to avoid cloning humans before it is too late, then cloning could upset the balance of our society drastically, possibly causing irreversible mishap in the world as we know it today. The knowledge on how to clone humans doesn't exist yet, but the knowledge on how to clone animals is presently being utilized in research labs worldwide. Standard cloning involves taking DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) from a cell of a particular species and transferring it into an egg cell from another animal belonging to the same species or another one. Before this process can take place, the nucleus from the original cell must be removed from that egg. The result is then implanted into the surrogate mother. This mother will then provide the food and nutrients for the embryo to develop until the mother gives birth to the clone. Until recently, the surrogate mother had to be of the same species, but now, with recent technological advances, one species can now give birth to a different species ("Science and Technology" 100). The laundry list of complaints about cloning begins with the fact that cloning humans decreases the value of uniqueness of the individual. Accordi... ...ls." CeresNet 2000.5 Nov. 2000 http://www.ceresnet.org/ViewEntry.cfm?ID=82&Section=outreach Colvin, Jonathon. "Me, my clone, and I (or in defense of human cloning)." The Humanist May/Jun. 2000: 39. Dixon, Dr. Patrick. Don't Clone – 3 Reasons. 31 Oct. 2000 http://www.globalchange.com/noclones.htm Lemonick, Michael D. "Could a clone ever run for President?" Time 8 Nov. 1999: 96. Mayor, Susan. "UK authorities recommend human cloning for therapeutic research." British Medical Journal 98: 1613. Myers, Nichole. Personal Interview. 1 April. 2001. Pavone, Fr. Frank. "What does it mean to be Me?" 31 Oct. 2000 http://www.priestsforlife.org/pressreleases/clonepress.html Rembert, Tracey C. "Me and my shadow." E Jul/Aug. 1997: 15–21. Schaeffer, Pamela. "Many oppose human cloning." National Catholic Reporter 22 Oct. 1999: 19,21. "Science and technology: New kid on the block." The Economist 14 Oct. 2000: 100. "Vatican: No to human cloning." National Catholic Reporter 22 Oct. 1999: 21. Watson, Rory. "European parliament wants world ban on human cloning." British Medical Journal 97: 847