Harmony Within The City And Soul - 922 Words

Harmony within the city and soul Plato’s Republic proposes numerous, intriguing theories ranging from political idealism to his contemporary view of ethics. It is because of Plato’s emerging interpretations that philosophers still refer to Plato’s definitions of moral philosophy as a standard, universally. Plato’s most argued concept could be said to be the analogy between city and soul in Book IV, and I will discuss how this could possibly due to key flaws in his assumptions, as well as failure to be specific in his definitions. In spite of this, Plato’s exposition on ethics is still relevant for scholars and academics to study, due to his interpretive view of morality and justice. 1. Socrates attempts to formulate a definition for, â€Å"moderation,† to investigate how this virtue comes into play with souls. Initially, Socrates elucidates how moderation is often perceived as â€Å"mastery of certain kinds of pleasures and1 desires,† (430e) and ridicules the word, â€Å"self-control† as he exposes how, controller of the weak and strong are both the same individual, meaning that there is nothing to control other than oneself. Plato’s mockery shifts to discussion, as he examines how a â€Å"master of himself† is one whose â€Å"better part† is stronger and in control, while a â€Å"self-defeated† individual is one whose bad component overpowers (431a). Just as Thrasymachus argues in Book I, that justice is, â€Å"the advantage of the stronger,† (338b) and whether people who are actually ruling are thoseShow MoreRelatedPlatos 4 Virtues1406 Words   |  6 Pagesestablish what the four virtues are, and their rela tionship between them to both the city and the soul. According to Plato, the four virtues are wisdom, courage, moderation, and justice. There are three classes within the city: guardians, auxiliaries, and artisans; and three parts within the soul include intellect, high-spirited, and appetitive. By understanding the different classes of the city or parts of the soul, one will be able to appreciate how the virtues attribute to each one specificallyRead MorePlato s View On Morality And Justice875 Words   |  4 Pagesemerging interpretations that philosophers still refer to Plato’s definitions of moral philosophy as a standard. Plato’s possibly most argued concept could be said to be the analogy between city and soul in Book IV, partially due to his expansive analysis of justice and the role justice plays in an â€Å"ideal city,† which has some key flaws. Despite these flawed assumptions that my essay will point out, Plato’s exposition on ethics is still r elevant for scholars and academics to study, due to his interpretiveRead MoreEssay on Justice and Injustices1569 Words   |  7 Pagesexample, the book The Republic, Plato searches for justice within the individual and what makes a person ‘just’. By comparing his sense of what is just at a political level and what is just at a psychological level he suggests three virtues of the individual, which will make that particular person just. The virtues of wisdom, courage and moderation are common to both a just and the fictional just city of Kallipolis. This artificial city has the pre-determined virtue of being just – he does this inRead More Plato Essay1588 Words   |  7 Pages Socrates ideal city is described through Plato in his work The Republic, some questions pondered through the text could be; How is this an quot;idealquot; city formed, and is justice in the city relative to that of the human soul? I believe Socrates found the true meaning of justice in the larger atmosphere of the city and applied that concept to the human soul. Socrates describes his idea of an quot;ideal cityquot; as one that has all the necessary parts to function and to show that justiceRead MorePlato s The Republic And Aristotle933 Words   |  4 Pagespolitical rule. Plato believed that the purpose of political rule is to allow for the manifestation of a just city where both the city and its citizens are in harmony due to a specialization of roles according to individuals’ natures, whereas Aristotle believed that the purpose of political rule is to create a regime that pursues the common advantage and preserves the political partnership of the city. According to Plato, political rule’s purpose is to enforce a certain version of justice. Plato’s versionRead MorePlatos Theory of Justice902 Words   |  4 Pagescompares justice within the human soul to justice within a city. If Plato can find justice within the city and prove that the individual is only a smaller version of the city then he will have found the form of justice, the aspect by which we recognize justice in anything else. In Book II of Republic Plato constructs a city from scratch because he claims that it is much easier to find justice in a city, than to try and look for it in a single man (Plato 100, 368d). In this city he places a varietyRead MoreAn Definition Of Justice With The Wisest Men1168 Words   |  5 PagesWise man, no matter how many times you try, you will never be able to reach the essence of Justice. Your ignorance blinds your soul, and blinded, you content in the commodities of the world. Does this make you not wise, but a fool? Or is it better to say that Justice is unreachable and unsolvable, and for this reason, is beyond human understanding? Perhaps Glaucon is right to say that we are selfish individuals who expect to be benefited when we do good deeds or stay away from wrongdoings. Or maybeRead MoreLife On The Slow Lane : Better Or Worse?1124 Words   |  5 Pages he noticed an improvement in his sleep quality and his mood, all within a week. However, as he felt more connected to his wife and children, his co-workers noticed his change and weren’t super thrilled about it. Josh’s boss claimed to notice hi â€Å"apparent declining dedication to the company† and threatened to demote him to a position with fewer responsibilities and smaller pay. Based on Socrates’ definition of the tripartite soul, and given that a change in Josh’s lifestyle would only fulfil theRead More Pauls Case by Willa Cather - Socrates’ Perspective of the Courageous Paul1052 Words   |  5 Pagesmoderation is agreement between the classes of society (432b). For an individual, moderation is agreement between the parts of the soul. Paul has moderation due to the fact that he does kill himself. The parts of the soul were apparently in agreement. Evidence that his soul was in agreement is that he would not have killed himself if it were divided. The parts of his soul had to come to the same conclusion. For Paul that conclusion was suicide; the r easoning part decided that the only way to escapeRead MorePlato s View On Justice And Human Nature991 Words   |  4 Pagestension can also be observed within Plato’s own work, for he seemingly contradicts himself manifold within The Republic and Laws on what approach to take. This essay will analyse the possible implications of this on the question of what constitutes an ideal or best state, analyse Plato’s view on justice and human nature, and finally contrast Plato with modern thinkers’ views on the role of conflict within a state. Plato’s Ideal Theory on Conflict To Plato, the soul consists of three parts, of

A Marxist And Feminist Literary Criticism - 1243 Words

A Marxist and Feminist Literary Criticism Being a single woman with a family to support in the 1930’s was not an easy job. Especially when society had so many chips stacked against them. Tillie Olsen’s â€Å"I stand Here Ironing† is a short story that addresses feminine social disorders and inequalities as well as economic disadvantages that people of lower circumstances have to overcome to survive. In the short story it is basically an autobiography of Tillie Olsen’s life told by the narrator (Emily’s mother). Throughout the story the narrator is reflecting the way she brought up her daughter during a depression and feminist era. She feels very regretful reflecting 19 years late because of the decisions she was forced to make because of the absence of Emily’s father. This story can be seen in a feminist perspective as well as a Marxist perspective; even though they are very different from one another both perspectives help interpret Tillie Olsen’s short story. The Marxist pe rspective helps illuminate Tillie Olsen’s â€Å"I stand Here Ironing† when the narrator explains how the capital system negatively affected Emily and her Family. In a feminist perspective the narrator describes her different encounters with men that abandoned her; causing her to have to take on a male dominated role. Because of the societal characteristic she had to take on it caused her to turn away from her daughter in order to survive. Tillie Olsen the author of â€Å"I stand Here Ironing† was a feminist whoShow MoreRelatedSocialist Feminist Criticism1164 Words   |  5 PagesSocialist Feminist Criticism: You Dropped the Bomb on Me, Baby Feminism and gender studies have been described as having the ability to challenge literary and culture theory to confront the difficult task of assimilating the findings of an expanding sphere of inquiry (Contemporary Literary Criticism 567). This area of study has taken center stage during the last fifty years, not only in our society, but also in literary criticism. Although the terrain Feminism traverses can hardly be narrowedRead MoreThe O. J. Simpson Case1576 Words   |  7 PagesA historical perspective is a historical evidence based on history and social circumstances of the time. â€Å"This is in contrast to other types of criticism, such as textual and formal, in which emphasis is placed on examining the text itself while outside influences on the text are disregarded. New Historicism is a particular form of historical criticism.† (britannica.com). The OJ Simpson trial can also be seen as a historical perspective, where in racism has been going on for centuries and centuriesRead MoreEssay about The Introduction of Feminist Criticism1815 Words   |  8 PagesSuch literary women as Austin, Bront#235;s, Eliot and Dickenson appeared that time. In the early 20th century, women finally gained the suffrage which marked the climax of the womens liberation movement. In the 1960s, New Feminism concerned with the human rights for black people again came to its climax. This time, it was more pervasive and comprehensive in all fields of society, according feminist literary criticism found its way to critical theories. 2. Feminist Criticism Feminist criticismRead MoreTwo Different Approaches To Literary Criticism Are Marxist1546 Words   |  7 PagesTwo different approaches to literary criticism are Marxist criticism and feminist criticism. The Marxist approach looks at the hierarchy of the classes. â€Å"One form of historical criticism is Marxist criticism, name for Karl Marx (1818-1883). Actually, to say â€Å"one form† is misleading, since Marxist criticism today is varied, but essentially it sees history primarily as a struggle between socioeconomic classes, and it sees literature (and everything else) as the product of economic forces of theRead MoreThe And Human Nature s Love For Categorization1011 Words   |  5 Pagesaspects of our criticism, effectively categorizing them. For example, there are four main critical lenses: Marxist, Feminist, Psychoanalytical, and Archetypal. Each of the four has a unique set of aspects it analyzes, but all have one thing in common, they help find the underlying them es and/or motivations behind the text, whether they were intentional or not. One classic example of one of these underlying themes is Shakespeare’s Hamlet. Hamlet can be seen through a Feminist Literary Lens, revealingRead MoreMarxist Criticism And Feminist Criticism1724 Words   |  7 Pagesbecause a book says so? This question of whether or not literature can make a difference can be look at from two different perspectives. Those two perspectives are the Marxist criticism and the feminist criticism. The Marxist criticism, which was derived in the nineteenth century, argues that one cannot properly understand a literary work unless one understands how it reflects the relationship between economic production and social class; because of that, they feel that their duty is to not only describeRead MoreWomen in Sons and Lovers1597 Words   |  7 Pageswife-submissive through the character of Gertrude Morel who is also known as Mrs. Morel. This paper would attempt to explore the character of Mrs. Morel through the feminist point of view. Before discussing Mrs. Morel’s character through the magnifying glass of feminism, it is needed to focus what does feminism means and what does the feminist criticism deal with. The most straightforward definition of feminism says that is a movement for social, cultural, political and economic equality of men and womenRead MoreAnalysis Of Franz Kafka s The Metamorphosis, And Henrik Ibsen s A Doll s House1965 Words   |  8 PagesSeveral of these standards are placed on the domestic household, including on the wife and husband of a family. Three viewpoints of literary criticism-Marxist, Feminist, and Freudian-argue different outlooks regarding the main characters and their deviance from the standards of society in Franz Kafka’s â€Å"The Metamorphosis† and Henrik Ibsen’s â€Å"A Doll’s House.† The Marxist viewpoint discusses a person’s objectivity in society and how it is affected by outside forces such as money, labor, and power. InRead MoreWomen During World Civilization, Men And Women921 Words   |  4 Pagescontinuation of that, today, we have what we call feminist theory. I will be using the feminist theory with a comparison to Marxist theory to analyze Amelia Lanyer’s â€Å"Eve’s Apology† which is one of the earliest feminist poem that explores and defends women from the accusation of women being at fault for the original sin. This poem also explores the role of women during the 15th century and Lanyer portrays it from a feminist perspective. The feminist era is one of the most powerful but also an era thatRead MoreLiterary Criticism Of William Shakespeare s The Merchant Of Venice 850 Words   |  4 PagesBiographical criticism New critics warns that the writer’s intent and the readers present mindsets doesn’t affect the meaning of the play, as it offers an experience like no other because it doesn’t offer a mimic of real life situation (Janik 165). By disallowing external influences, text must analyze all other disciplines associated with the play in question. Some have also criticized Shakespeare as being a master of only one single genre of drama as in relation to other plays. Feminist criticism Feminist

The Movie “Cast Away.” Free Essays

The movie â€Å"Cast Away† was one of 2000’s best movies. IT was about a â€Å"FedEx† worker, whose plane he was on board to deliver international packages had crashed over the ocean. All passengers on that plane had died in the crash, leaving him alone on an island to survive. We will write a custom essay sample on The Movie â€Å"Cast Away.† or any similar topic only for you Order Now He was forced to live on that island for four years with only a flashlight, a picture of his fiancee and some random packages that should been delivered and could have not been any more unusable. The movie showed how he was so professional at his job that even though he was left all alone on that island, it took him quiet some time to open the packages he was not supposed to open. He had to check what the content of those packages were and whether there was anything he could make use of. Between all the packages he had to violate by opening, was a volley ball which a grandmother had wanted it to be delivered to her grandson. I was so touched when I saw how he had cut the ball from the top and stuck in some dead leaves, just to make it look like human-like so he would keep his mental status balanced. Of course, he had never stopped thinking about his fiancee while he was on that island. He had drawn a portrait of her with a chock to keep him accompanied in the cave he had resided in. 4 years after he went back home, when he was found by a near by people on a boat, he had found his fiancee married to his doctor friend. Soon after, his ex-fiancee couldn’t help it but have mixed feelings as to whether keep things the way they are with her husband, or to get into an affair with him since they had been in love for so long before his disappearance. The movie was so thought of, and triggered many emotions for the viewers. The fact that the main character had to do many long scenes just by himself required a high level of talent. The story of the movie as well as the plot were new and conveyed many emotions, that for me, would put the movie on my top 10 best movies of all time. How to cite The Movie â€Å"Cast Away.†, Papers

Menschenschreck Analysis Essay Example For Students

Menschenschreck Analysis Essay If the international financiers in and outside Europe should succeed inplunging the nations once more into a world war, then the result will not bethe Bolshevizing of the earth, and thus the victory of Jewry, but theannihilation of the Jewish race in Europe. Adolf Hitler- Jan 30, 1939When the Nazi party came to power in January of 1933, it almostimmediately began to take hostile measures toward the Jewish people. Thegovernment passed special legislation that excluded Jews from the protectionof German law. The property of Jews was then legally seized, andconcentration camps were set up in which Jews were executed, tortured, orcondemned to slave labor. The Nazis organized sporadic and local massacreswhich occurred in a nationwide program in 1938. After the outbreak of WorldWar II anti-Semitic activity increased dramatically. By the end of the war,millions of Jews and others targeted by the Nazis, had been killed in theHolocaust. The Jewish dead numbered more than 5 million: about 3 mil lion inkilling centers and other camps, 1.4 million in shooting operations, and morethan 600,000 in Polish ghettos. Who were the men that carried out theseterrible murders? One would think them to be savage killers speciallyselected for their history of brutality and violence. But, in fact, thesemen were typically normal middle-aged business men. How could theseordinary men be influenced in such a way to allow them to commit suchatrocities? The governmental policies, pressures of comrades and individualbehaviors helped to transform these men into the mass murderers of EuropeanJews that they soon became. The government and the military were very important to the transformation ofthese men. The men of the battalions were often told how the German race wasthe greatest on earth. Their commanding officers continually reminded themthat as Germans they had to be strong and ruthless. They were told toproject an image of superiority and not to show any mercy on the inferiorJewish race. Anti-Semitism was practiced throughout the government andmilitary. One policy the government continually reinforced was that that theJews were not even humans. The Jews were often referred to as wild animalsand given no respect.Some commanders of the Order Police encouragedshooting blindly into the ghettos to try to shoot down Jews for sport. Company recreation rooms were commonly decorated with racist slogans andvictory celebrations were often held when large numbers of Jews were killed. The military units held weekly class in which they taught ideologicalpropaganda that would use literature such as pamphlets entitled SS Man andThe Question of Blood and The Politics of Race. These classes furtheredthe idea that the Jews were nothing but a troublesome inferior race. Theywere taught how to kill their victims so that they would die quickly andsuffer little. The government also issued such laws as the Barbarossa decreewhich gave the order police a varitable shooting license against theRussians. The Order police were told that they were in a war against the Jewsand the Bolsheviks and they should proceed ruthlessly against the Jews. The Order police should be proud to be participating in the defeat of theworld enemy, Bolshevism. The soldiers were continually reminded of how thewomen and children in Germany were being bombed and how the Jews instigatedthe American boycott which was destroying Germanys economy. If the soldierswere searching career advancement in the Police force. If this was the case,orders are orders, and the soldier would comply with the orders of theirsuperiors. Through these ideas presented by the institutions of governmentand military the Order Police became a strong killing machine. .ua6f37b1265b014bc60d4b7047d6bfc06 , .ua6f37b1265b014bc60d4b7047d6bfc06 .postImageUrl , .ua6f37b1265b014bc60d4b7047d6bfc06 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua6f37b1265b014bc60d4b7047d6bfc06 , .ua6f37b1265b014bc60d4b7047d6bfc06:hover , .ua6f37b1265b014bc60d4b7047d6bfc06:visited , .ua6f37b1265b014bc60d4b7047d6bfc06:active { border:0!important; } .ua6f37b1265b014bc60d4b7047d6bfc06 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua6f37b1265b014bc60d4b7047d6bfc06 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua6f37b1265b014bc60d4b7047d6bfc06:active , .ua6f37b1265b014bc60d4b7047d6bfc06:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua6f37b1265b014bc60d4b7047d6bfc06 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua6f37b1265b014bc60d4b7047d6bfc06 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua6f37b1265b014bc60d4b7047d6bfc06 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua6f37b1265b014bc60d4b7047d6bfc06 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua6f37b1265b014bc60d4b7047d6bfc06:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua6f37b1265b014bc60d4b7047d6bfc06 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua6f37b1265b014bc60d4b7047d6bfc06 .ua6f37b1265b014bc60d4b7047d6bfc06-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua6f37b1265b014bc60d4b7047d6bfc06:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Common Themes In Short Stories EssayThe comrades of an individual soldier had a profound influence on thetransformation from normal citizen to murderer. Although this influence mayhave been unintentional it was still a major factor. Peer pressures abitch. The pressure to conform to the job at hand was great in these smalltightly knit battalions. By not shooting, an individual would not be doinghis part in an already unpleasant task. Stepping out would make the rest ofthe battalion believe that the soldier thought himself to be too good forsuch tasks. The mission had to be accomplished with or without him. Policemen who did not shoot were often isolated, rejected and ostracized bytheir comrades. The policemen had nowhere else to turn for mental supportand societal contact besides his comrades. He would not want to jeopardizethis over the simple matter of killing mere wild animals. Another way themen in the battalions were able to kill the Jews was that they were suppliedwith rations of alcohol. They were drunk for many of the killings.One ofthe soldiers was quoted as saying Most of the other comrades drank so muchsolely because of the many shootings of the Jews, for such a life was quiteintolerable sober. The individuals personal justifications helped to change the behavior of thesoldiers. Many of the soldiers tried to prove to themselves that what theywere doing was right. They justified their actions with such comments asThey are destroying Germany. It soon became policy for the policemen tokill the Jews. It was a daily ritual for the Police to slaughter thousandsof Jews everyday. They genuinely thought that they were helping the world byrelieving it of the waste of society, the Jews. By the end of the war the soldiers of the Order Police had become masskillers of the European Jews. The Order Police had effectively dehumanizedthe Jews and for many of the soldiers murder was daily practice. In fact,some of the soldiers came to enjoy it. They would try and come up with anyexcuse to beat or shoot a Jew. Some of the soldiers would set their watchesahead so as to beat Jews out after the curfew. They would also rip the Starof David off the Jews clothing and then beat the Jew for not weari ng it. Thekilling of jews became so routine that it was oftenly refered to as OurDaily Bread by some of the more eager killers. The Government and military, comrades and personal justifications placedupon the Order Police of World War Two turned them into the largest massmurders of all time. In total approximatly six million jews were masacuredby these so-called ordinary men.